The burgeoning field of nanotechnology utilizes on the availability of high-purity carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These exceptional materials exhibit outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties, making them suitable for a broad range of cutting-edge applications. From reinforcing composite materials to supporting high-speed electronics, hi

Industrial fuel plays a vital role in the modern production landscape. Works rely heavily on various types of fuel to create the energy needed to power machinery, assemble goods, and sustain overall operations. From fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas to renewable alternatives such as biomass and solar power, the selection of fuel depends

Renewable energy sources are gaining increasing significance in the global pursuit of sustainable development. Among these, biodiesel stands out as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from vegetable oils through a process known as transesterification, which yields fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Th

Quantum dots demonstrate exceptional optical and electronic properties, rendering them valuable candidates for a wide range of applications. However, their functionality can be further enhanced by meticulously tailoring their surfaces. This involves precisely adjusting the chemical composition and morphology of the quantum dot surface to achieve sp

Sputtering is a prominent technique utilized in the fabrication of advanced thin films. Titanium (Ti) sputtering, in particular, has emerged as a leading method due to its ability to deposit high-quality Ti thin films with controlled thickness and composition. The process involves bombarding a Ti target with energetic ions, liberating atoms that th